RUSSISK VEJRSATELLIT INFO.

Jeg faldt over denne informations skrivelse fra ESA, og der er meget godt info i den.
Jeg beklager, at den mangler forklaringer til forkortelserne. I oversigten over instrumenteringen af satellitterne, har jeg bibeholdt den engelske tekst, for overskuelighedens skyld, så man kan sammenligne med informationerne over NOAA satellitter- ne, der ligger på fax-diskene.

A.4.1 Oversigt over CIS jord-afdelingen.

CIS jordafdelingens faciliteter er beskrevet som følger:
Et operationelt data modtagelses og databehandlings Center (ODAPC) under NPO "PLANETA". I moskva, rusland, som er an svarlig for distribuering af de behandlede data
. Planlægnigs- centret for NPO "PLANETA" i moskva. To regionale data modtagel- ses og databehandlings Centre (RDAPCs) som er kontrolleret af NPO "PLANETA" i Novosibirsk, rusland, og Khabarovsk, rusland. Rusland er forbundet til ODAPC med telecommunications for bindelser. Et stort net af APT modtager stationer, er forbundet til data behandlings centrene via telecommunications forbindel ser. Der er endvidere, et stort arkiverings og katalogiserings center i moskva, rusland, som opererer under NPO, "PLANETA".
Disse centrer understøtter de forskellige serier, af russiske satellitmissioner. Agenturet som er ansvarlig for coordineringen ad disse missioner er den Russiske føderale Service for Hydrometeorologi og miljø overvågning (ROSHYDROMET).Systemerne er under ledelse af NPO "PLANETA", som er hoved satellit forskning enhed og samtidig er en aktiv enhed af ROSHYDROMET.

De største russiske missioner er som følger:

- METEOR serien, som er lavt orbiterende vejrsatellitter.
- OKEAN serien, som er oceanografiske radar satellitter.
- RESURS serien, som er baseret på landovervågnig.

Som tillæg til disse satellitter, er der planlagt en serie af miljø og vejr enheder, til satellitter som feks. (PRIRODA), der er ombord på den russiske rumstation MIR, samt en serie af geostationære vejrsatellitter (GOMS).

METEOR

METEOR seriens satellitter producerer meteorologiske data enten i en direkte sendning, eller ved opsamling af data i satellit ten hukommelse og først sendt senere også kaldet (stored mode). Data fra disse satellitter kan modtages af:
- ODAPC i moskva, både de direkte og "gemte".
- RDAPCs i Novosibirsk og Khabarovsk, både de direkte og "gemte".
- APT stationer kun i nettet kun i direkte mode.
De behandlede data er sendt fra RDAPCs til ODAPC via telecommunication forbindelser. Disse data er derefter fordelt fra ODAPC og fra RDAPCs gennem GTS og andre telecommunication forbindelser. Der eksisterer ingen samling af disse DCP data fra METEOR satellitterne.

OKEAN SATELLITTERNE.

OKEAN series producerer data enten i direkte eller gemt mode. Både ODAPC og RDAPC, kan modtage fra satellitterne i begge modes.Informationerne er bliver både gemt og optaget fotogra- fisk og magnetisk på begge centrene.
Geografiske linier (længde/bredde grader) bliver lagt på billederne her. Satellitterne i denne serie kan samle data fra DCPs ved at bruge DCS udstyr (KONDOR). Emne bearbejdning af data feks. temperatur eller isdannelse kort, kan laves af brugeren selv, ved hjælp af lokalt digitalt udstyr. Informationer modtaget af DAPCs bliver arkiveret af NPO "PLANETA".

RESURS SATELLITTERNE.

Satellitterne i RESURS serien sender data i både direkte og gemt mode. Og disse data bliver kun sendt til DAPCs. Data'erne bliver her behandlet og er derefter parate til at blive sendt til brugerne, som derefter selv kan vidrebehandle data'erne efter behov.
Brugere af systemet kan modtage flere former for data, bla. lav og medium opløsnings billeder, i multispektral=(alle de fre kvenser der er blevet scannet med, ligger i billedet, så de forskellige typer af målinger, kan udskilles efter behov) områder, som kan fremsendes i form af fotografier, magnetbånd eller floppydiske. Dette betyder også af "emne" bestemte billeder, bliver udført af den lokale bruger, ved hjælp af digitalt udstyr.

A.4.2 CIS katalogerne.

Katalog over tilgængelige data fra METEOR, OKEAN and RESURS kan erhverves fra NPO "PLANETA" på følgende adresse:

NPO "PLANETA"
Pervomayskaya, 1
Dolgoprudny Moscow oblast
RUSSIA.

A.4.3 CIS operationelt program.

DATA MODTAGELSE.

Der er tre modtager lokationer for CIS satellitterne og det er ODAPC i Moskva og de to RDAPCs i Novosibirsk and Khabarovsk.
Data der bliver modtaget, bliver først gemt i computerhukommel se, som gør det muligt at frembringe et billede af hvilket som helst område af jorden, altså et altid opdateret billede, med de sidste nye data fra satellitterne. Dette foregår kun i "gemt" mode , for ved sending i direkte mode, bliver der automatisk nogle begrænsninger , som bla. er afhængig af hvilket radio modtager udstyr der er tilgængelig i de for skellige områder.
Data der bliver sendt direkte fra satellitten bliver sendt i UHF. området, og bliver modtaget af et stort net af APT. modtagerstationer ,som hver især modtager fra satellitten, når den er over deres område.

METEOR

satellitternes orbitale data, så man kan tracke satellitten, bliver sendt til WMO medlems"lande", så de kan videresende billeder fra satellitterne direkte til GTS.
Orbitale data bliver udsendt i FANAS kode hver den første og tredie tirsdag, i måneden .
Brugere af systemet, som har deres eget modtager anlæg og behandlings muligheder, kan få begrænset del af informationerne ,nå satellitten sender i direkte mode.

CIS DATA modtager centre

.

DATA BEHANDLING.

For satellitterne i METEOR serien, bliver data behandlingen udført af ODAPC og de to RDAPCs, og herefter udsendt til brugerne ved hjælp af GTS, eller anden form for telecommunika tion.
Satellit radiometer data er "emne" behandlet for at opnå så mange data som muligt, om indholdet i den verticale del af atmosfæren, (lagdelingen af feks. skyer) og deres temperatur og fugtighedsgrad, som tilsammen giver et overblik over jordens geopotentiale=(hvad der kan udvikles af vejrsystemer, hvis data'erne sammenlignes med tidligere opbyggede vejrsystemer)
"Emne" informationen bliver udført ved modtagelsen, og bliver derefter udsendt i SATEM codes, via telecommunication kanaler til Hydrometeorological Centret i Moskva.
IR informationen er også "emne" behandlet for at opnå digitale SST kort, som bliver udsendt over et automatisk computer net.

A.4.4 Planlagte missioner.

PRIRODA

PRIRODA multisensor forskningsmondulet i MIR, vil udfører forsøg og målinger af jordens miljø, og kan endvidere foretage målinger i forbindelse til geologi, hydrologi og meteologi.
Data fra PRIRODA enheden i MIR, vil blive modtaget i ODAPC i moskva. Disse data vil derpå blive arkiveret og gemt i en periode i op til 2 år. Behandlede data vil blive overført til langtids opbevaring, i DLR-IKF Berlin .
Udgivelse af de behandlede data, vil foregå fra ODAPC i Moskva og fra DLR-IKF i Berlin og kan fås i form af:
negativer, med påtrykte længde/bredde grader, og fotografier med påtrykte længe/bredde grader. eller magnetbånd, der passer til de russiske computere.

GOMS

GOMS serien af geostationære meteologiske satellitter vil sammen med METEOR satellitterne, vil muliggøre en samlet oversigt over jorden, med data fra satellitter i forskellig højde, (stationære og de orbiterende).
Data fra GOMS satellitterne vil blive modtaget og behandlet af ODAPC i Moskva og RDAPC i Khabarovsk.
GOMS satellitterne vil også samle hydrometeorological data fra DCPs i ufremkommelige sø og landområder.
Udsendelse aff de behandlede DCP data, vil blive udført ved at retransmitterer dem via satellit til andre modtager stationer i alpa numerisk orden, eller i (WEFAX) format.
CIS/GOMS jordstationerne og CIS/GOMS data centrene har be- nævnelserne +1 for ODPAC i Moskva og +2 er RDAPC i Khabarovsk, Rusland.

Tilpasset ORDBOG.

ABSORPTION = ABSORBERENDE / OPSLUGENDE
CHARGED = LADET (OPLADET)
CLOUD = SKY
DENSITY = TÆTHED / OPLØSNING
DEVICE = EN ENHED (FEKS. ET INSTRUMENT)
EARTH = JORDEN
FLUX = STRØMNING / GENNEMFLYDNING FEKS,SOLARFLUX=SOLVIND
ICE COVER = IS LAG / OVERTRUKKET MED IS
IMAGES = BILLEDER
HUMIDITY = FUGTIGHED
MEASUREMENT = MÅLING / MÅLING AF
PHOTOMETER = SKANNER TYPE
RADIATION = STRÅLING / UDSTRÅLING
RADIOMETER = SKANNER TYPE
RANGE = RÆKKEVIDDE / DÆKNINGS OMRÅDE
RESOLUTION = OPLØSNING / OPLØSNINGS FINHED
SENSITIVITY = FØLSOMHED / FØLSOMHEDS OPLØSNING
SHEETS = KORT / PAPIR ARK FEKS. WX-SHEETS= VEJRKORT
SNOW = SNE
SOLAR = SOLEN (FRA SOLEN)
SOUNDER = SKANNER TYPE
SURFACE = OVERFLADE
TRANSPARENT = GENNEMSKINNELIG / GENNEMSIGTIG
VISIBLE = SYNLIGE
WATER = VAND / HAV

CIS/Russia

Mission: METEOR-2 series.

Instruments:Electron and proton flux density measurement device (RMK-M). IR atmospheric sounder (174K). Scanning IR radiometer (Chajka). Scanning telephotometer for local observations
(MR-900). Scanning telephotometer for global observations (MR-2000)

Mission: METEOR-3 series.

Instruments:Electron and proton flux density measurement device (RMK-M). IR atmospheric sounder (174K). Microwave radiometer for humidity soundings.
(MIVZA on M-3-4 only). Ozone measurement suite including:
Ozone-M, BUFS-2, SFM-2, TOMS. PRARE. ScaRaB (2 flight opportu- nities in Oct 1993 & mid 1994, third TBC in 1996). Scanning IR radiometer (Klimat). Scanning telephotometer for local observa- tions (MR-900). Scanning telephotometer for global observations (MR-2000). For RMK-M, 174K, MR-900 and MR-2000 see METEOR-2

Mission: OKEAN-O series.

Instruments: KONDOR data collection and transmission system. MSU-M low resolution scanner. MSU-S medium resolution scanner.
MSU-SK medium resolution scanner. Scanning MW radiometer (RM-0.8). Side looking radar (RLSBO)

Mission: GOMS series.

Instruments: Radiation measurement system. Scanning TV radiome- ter. Radio complex

CIS/Mission:METEOR-2 series

Launch date: February 1987. . . . Continuous series from 1975 to 1993 with 2-3 satellites in orbit at any time . Latest in series, METEOR-2 N20 was launched September 1990 Expected mission duration: Continuous series to 1993, then METEOR-3 series Mission status (firm/approved, proposed): Firm
Orbit details: Altitude: approx 900km. Inclination: 82.50.
Period: 102.5min.
Type: circular Mission application areas: Operational meteorology, including cloud, snow and ice cover, surface temperatures, vertical temperature and humidity soundings, electronand proton flux measurements. .
Instruments: Electron and proton flux density measurement device (RMK-M). IR atmospheric sounder (174K). Scanning IR radiometer (Chajka). Scanning telephotometer for local observations (MR-900). Scanning telephotometer for global observations (MR-2000)


METEOR-2 Series Instrument: Electron/proton flux density measurement device (RMK-M)
Agency: ROSHYDROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Flux density measurement device for electrons and protons in the range 0.15-90MeV Applications:
Measurements: Data on electron and proton fluxes Duty cycle: 100% Resolution: Swath width: Other comments:


METEOR-2 Series Instrument: IR atmospheric sounder (174K)
Agency: ROSHYDROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: IR sounder with spectral lines corresponding to:.
water absorption band (one line in 18mm band). carbon dioxide (lines at 13.33, 13.70, 14.24,14.43,14.75, 15.02mm). transparent window (one line at 11.10mm). ozone , (one line in the 9.6mm band)
Applications: Meteorology
Measurements: Vertical profiles of temperature (with an approximate accuracy of 2-2.50C in cloud free conditions below
10Pa) and humidity
Duty cycle: 100%
Resolution: 20 x 20 Swath width: Scan angle 450, 25 pixels per scan line Other comments:

METEOR-2 Series Instrument: Scanning IR radiometer (Chajka) Agency: ROSHYDROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Scanning IR radiometer operating in the thermal IR band (8 - 12mm)
Applications: Operational meteorology, hydrometeorology Measurements: Sea surface temperature, cloud cover
Duty cycle: 100%
Resolution: 8km (at nadir)
Swath width: Scan angle 1030 (2800km)
Other comments:

METEOR-2 series Instrument: Scanning telephotometer for local observations (MR-900)
Agency: ROSHYDROMET, NPO "PLANETA" Description:Scanning telephotometer for direct transmission of images in the visible spectrum (0.4-0.8mm)
Applications: Operational meteorology, hydrometeorology Measurements: Images of cloud, snow and ice
Duty cycle: 100%
Resolution: 2km (at nadir)
Swath width: Scan angle 900 (2100km)
Other comments:

METEOR-2 series Instrument: Scanning telephotometer for global observations (MR-2000)
Agency: ROSH YDROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description:Television-type scanner giving images in the visible spectrum. (0.4-0.8mm)
Applications: Operational meteorology, hydrometeorology Measurements: Images of cloud, snow and ice
Duty cycle: 100%
Resolution: 1km (at nadir)
Swath width: 2600km
Other comments:


CIS/Mission:METEOR-3 series
Launch date: February 1987. . . . Continuous series, first launched in 1984 and to take over from METEOR-2 series by 1993 with 2-3 satellites in orbit at any time . Latest in series,
METEOR-3 N6 was launched April 1991. Next launch scheduled for 1993. Expected mission duration: Continuous series to 1997-8, then major upgrade Mission status (firm/approved, proposed):
Firm Orbit details: Altitude: 1,200 - 1,250km. Inclination: 81 - 830. Period: 110 min. Type: circular
Mission application areas: Operational meteorology, including cloud, snow and ice cover, surface temperatures, vertical temperature and humidity soundings, electron and proton flux measurements. Experimental measurement of total ozone, vertical ozone distribution and radiation budget Instruments: Electron and proton flux density measurement device (RMK-M). IR atmospheric sounder (174K). Microwave radiometer for humidity
soundings (MIVZA on M-3-4 only). Ozone measurement suite including: Ozone-M, BUFS-2, . SFM-2, TOMS. PRARE. ScaRaB (2 flight opportunities in Oct 1993 & mid 1994, third TBC in 1996). Scanning IR radiometer(Klimat). Scanning telephotometer for local observations (MR-900). Scanning telephotometer for global observations (MR-2000). For RMK-M, 174K, MR-900 and MR-2000 see METEOR-2.

METEOR-3 series Instrument:Microwave radiometer (MIVZA) Agency: ROSHYDROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description:Experimental microwave radiometer for humidity soundings operating in 1.35, 0.8 and 0.3cm bands
Applications: Operational meteorology, hydrometeorology Measurements: Humidity sounding
Duty cycle: 100%
Resolution: 100, 70 and 30km
Swath width: 1500km
Other comments: On M-3-4 only

METEOR-3 series Instrument: Ozone measurement suite
Agency: ROSHYDROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Ozone-M Limb darkening multichannel spectrometer (0.25-1.03mm).
BUVS-2 Backscatter spectrometer (0.25-0.38mm). SFM-2 Spec- trometer to measure direct solar radiation (0.26-0.60mm). NASA TOMS (since 1991)
Applications: Ozone and radiation budget measurement.
Measurements:
Duty cycle:
Resolution:
Swath width:
Other comments:

METEOR-3 series Instrument: PRARE - Precise Range and Range Rate Equipment
Agency: DARA
Description: Two-way dual frequency microwave tracking system
Applications: Precise orbit determination Measurements: Satellite ranging data
Duty cycle: 100%
Resolution: Not applicable
Swath width: Not applicable
Other comments: Payload instrument for ESA ERS-2 mission

METEOR-3 series Instrument: ScaRaB - Scanner for Earth's Radiation Budget
Agency: CNES/ CIS/Germany
Description: 4 spectral channel radiometer:0.2-45m. 0.5-0.75m. 10.5-12.55m.;0.2-505m
Applications: Earth radiation budget
Measurements: Top of atmosphere shortwave radiation (0.2-45m) and total (0.2-505m) radiation. Two additional narrow band channels (0.5 to 0.75m and 11 to 125m) allow cloud detection and scene identification.
Duty cycle: 100%
Resolution: 60km at nadir (42km sampling)
Swath width: 2200km
Other comments: Data rate: 1kbps. 2 flight opportunities in Oct 1993 & mid 1994 , third TBC in 1996

METEOR-3 series Instrument: Scanning IR radiometer (Klimat)
Agency: ROSHY DROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Scanning IR radiometer for direct image transmission and global survey in the 10.5 - 12.5mm band
Applications: Operational meteorology, hydrometeorology
Measurements: Images of cloud, snow and ice, sea surface temperature
Duty cycle: 100%
Resolution: 3km x 3km (at nadir)
Swath width: 3100km
Other comments:

CIS/Mission: OKEAN-O series
Launch date: February 1987. . . . Continuous series: OKEAN-O1-1 launched July
1986. OKEAN-O1-2: July 1987. OKEAN-O1-3: July 1988. Latest in series,
OKEAN-O1-6 launched June 1991. 1 - 2 satellites to be launched per year
Expected mission duration: Continuous series to 1994
Mission status (firm/approved, proposed): Firm Orbit details: Altitude: 650km. Inclination: 82.50. Period: 98min. Type:circular Mission application areas: Measurement of oceanographic and hydrometeorological data Instruments. (see attached sheets for details):
KONDOR data collection and transmission system. MSU-M low resolution scanner.
MSU-S medium resolution scanner. MSU-SK medium resolution scanner. Scanning
MW radiometer (RM-0.8). Side looking radar (RLSBO)

OKEAN-O series Instrument: KONDOR data collection and transmission system
Agency: ROSHY DROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Data collection and transmission system
Applications:
Measurements:
Duty cycle:
Resolution:
Swath width: 600km coverage
Other comments: Data rate 200bps

OKEAN-O series Instrument: MSU-M - low resolution scanner
Agency: ROSHY DROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Multispectral low resolution scanner with 4 bands:. 0.5-0.65m. 0.6-0.75m. 0.7-0.85m. 0.8-1.15m
Applications: Oceanography, hydrometeorology
Measurements: Images of ocean surface and ice sheets Duty cycle: 30 min maximum continuous operation
Resolution: 2km
Swath width: 1900km
Other comments:

OKEAN-O series Instrument: MSU-S - medium resolution scanner
Agency: ROSHY DROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Multispectral medium resolution scanner with 2 bands:.0.55-0.75m. 0.7-1.05m
Applications: Oceanography, hydrometeorology
Measurements: Images of ocean surface and ice sheets
Duty cycle: 15 min maximum continuous operation
Resolution: 370m
Swath width: 1100km
Other comments:

OKEAN-O series Instrument: MSU-SK - medium resolution scanner
Agency: ROSHY DROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Multispectral medium resolution conical scanner in band:.0.8-1.15m
Applications: Oceanography, hydrometeorology
Measurements: Images of ocean surface and ice sheets Duty cycle: 15 min maximum continuous operation
Resolution: 500m
Swath width: 950km
Other comments:

OKEAN-O series Instrument: Scanning microwave radiometer (RM-0.8)
Agency: ROSHY DROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Scanning microwave radiometer (0.8cm) Applications: Oceanography, hydrometeorology
Measurements: Images of ocean surface and ice sheets Duty cycle: 30 min maximum continuous operation
Resolution: 15x20km
Swath width: 550km
Other comments: 0.30K temperature sensitivity

OKEAN-O series Instrument: Side looking radar (RLSBO)
Agency: ROSHY DROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Side looking microwave radar (3.2cm) with 12m antenna. Principal sensor of the series
Applications: Oceanography, hydrometeorology
Measurements: Images of ocean surface and ice sheets Duty cycle: 10 min maximum continuous operation Resolution: 0.8x1.6km
Swath width: 450km
Other comments:

CIS/Mission: GOMS series
Launch date: February 1987. . . . GOMS-1 : 1994. One launch every 1-2 years expected in future Expected mission duration: 3 years
Mission status (firm/approved, proposed): Firm
Orbit details: Geostationary over 760E
Mission application areas: Meteorology, continuous observation of cloud cover and Earth's surface
Instruments: Radiation measurement system. Scanning TV radiome- ter. Radio complex for data collection, transmission and relay

GOMS series Instrument: Radiation measurement system
Agency: ROSHY DROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Radiation measurement system recording fluxes of charged particles and electromagnetic radiation and variations in magnetic field
Applications:
Measurements: Fluxes of charged particles and EM radiation, magnetic field
Duty cycle: 100%
Resolution: Not applicable
Swath width: Not applicable
Other comments:

GOMS series Instrument: Scanning TV radiometer
Agency: ROSHY DROMET, NPO "PLANETA"
Description: Television scanner in visible (0.4-0.75m) and IR (10.5-12.55m),plus 6-75m band from GOMS-2 onwards
Applications: Weather forecasting, snow cover
Measurements: Images of cloud cover, earth's surface and snow and ice fields
Duty cycle: 100%
Resolution: Visible: 1.5km. IR: 6km
Swath width: Full earth disc
Other comments:

Copyright and Warranty Disclaimer Notice
This information resource including software and data was created by the European Space Agency (ESA) and is distributed free of charge. It is placed in public domain and permission is granted to use, duplicate, modify and redistribute it provided that this notice is attached.
ESA provides absolutely NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND with respect to this information resource. The entire risk as to the quality of data as well as quality and performances of software is with the user.
IN NO EVENT WILL ESA BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING OUT THE USE OF THESE DATA AND SOFTWARE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOST DATA OR LOST PROFITS, OR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.

TIL ARTIKEL INDEX